Volume 6 Issue 9 2025

Urban flooding is the inundation of land in a built environment, most notably in heavily populated areas. It occurs when rainfall or other events exceed the capacity of drainage systems. It is a complex whole that deals with the factors ranging from geology like low relief up to anthropocentric facets like urbanization, faulty drainage, and unscientific waste management. This is a kind of flood which is mostly man-made in nature. Going through literature those have come up with various factors of urban flooding is important for understanding the nature of the flooding and where it is occurring like whether it is coastal city or a hill city or a city in the plains. This paper provides a current literature overview on flood impact assessment in urban environments, including their application and limitations.

Today, mutual funds have established themselves as one of the most prominent options available for financial investing. The sector of the Indian financial market known as the mutual fund business is one that is on the rise and expanding at a rapid rate. It offers a wide range of plans to cater to the requirements and desired risk to reward profile of various groups of investors. Small and medium-sized investors are able to engage in today's intricate and cutting-edge financial landscape with the assistance of mutual funds. By purchasing units in the fund, investors are given the opportunity to take part in the mutual fund.A mutual fund is a trust with professionally managed investment assistance that gathers and channels the resources of a number of participants who have a similar financial aim and invests in shares, debt securities, money-market securities, or a mix of these. A mutual fund is also known as a pooled investment vehicle (PIV) since it pools the assets of several investors into a single pool for the purpose of investing. Unit holders are the term used to refer to investors who purchase investments from funds. These securities are managed on behalf of the unit holders by a professional investment manager, and each investor owns a share or unit of the portfolio in proportion to the amount they invested and the net fund value. This means that investors are liable for both gains and losses from the portfolio.After subtracting expenditures, loads, and taxes that are relevant to the situation, the profit or loss incurred as a result of these investments and the realised growth in value are distributed to the unit holders in accordance to the number of units that each individual investor owns.

A Monowave synthetic route for the production of Palladium nanoparticles using Gum karaya(GK) is examined for in vitro cytotoxic efficacy against MCF-7. The present work proves the influence of gum karaya composition on the size and morphology of the produced Palladium nanoparticles. The biosynthetic method is quick, simple and easily synthesized and color changes observed in Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy. Subsequently, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses were employed to characterize the as synthesized GKPdNP. The XRD investigation confirmed the presence of Pd (0) nanoparticles and interactions between the bio degradable compounds of the Gum and the produced GKPdNP were confirmed by the FTIR spectra. TEM images demonstrated that the nanoparticles has a size distribution of 3±2 nm. Moreover, the anticancer activity of the GKPdNP was tested against MCF-7 strains. All synthesized Pd nanoparticles exhibited good antioxidant activity.

In this paper,the performance investigation approach for multilevel inverter(MLI) and Dual Inverter(DI)using space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) techniqueis modeled using Simulink/Matlab environment. A novel switching technique using the Embeddedmatlab editor resultsin a higher magnitude offundamentaloutputvoltage available as compared to the sinusoidal PWM. A Simulation model is carried out for the novel switching SVPWM scheme in the Embedded Matlab Editor and the generated firing pulses are applied to the Multilevel Inverter fed induction motor drive and Dual Inverter fed open end winding induction motor drive.

In recent years, smart grid power transmission and distribution have created a lossless transmission of supply sources. This has the problem of a centralized source of distribution which identifies poor voltage regulation and a hidden source of power supply to each distribution station and feeder. The proposed model introduces a decentralized distribution system leveraging blockchain technology, which addresses issues such as poor voltage regulation in centralized models. The integration of the Adjustable Backstepping Chebyshev Neural (ABCN) network controller and blockchain enhances voltage regulation by ensuring secure, immutable, and real-time monitoring of energy transactions at both the transmission and consumer ends. The power distributed in the network will be monitored and controlled using block chain technology. These audit the energy source and regulate the voltage variation both at the transmission side and at the receiving side and the data is stored in IOT. Simulation results indicate that the proposed model maintains a stable output voltage of 30V with a duty cycle of 33% (0.33) even under varying load conditions. Compared to conventional controllers, it achieves faster settling time and minimal peak overshoot, as stored and validated through IoT-integrated blockchain web interfaces.

The development of the digital economy in the ASEAN region requires Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to adapt to new technologies to improve business sustainability. One technology with great potential is blockchain management, which is believed to be able to increase transparency, efficiency, and market accessibility. This study aims to analyze the influence of blockchain management on the sustainability of MSMEs in ASEAN by considering the mediating role of MSME digitalization, financial literacy, and digital market access. The research method uses a mixed methods approach, namely quantitative through Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) analysis of MSME survey data in ASEAN countries, and qualitative through in-depth interviews to strengthen the empirical findings. The results show that blockchain management significantly influences MSME digitalization, financial literacy, and digital market access. However, only digitalization is proven to play a strong role in mediating the relationship between blockchain management and MSME sustainability. Conversely, financial literacy and digital market access, although important, have not made a significant contribution to business sustainability due to limited capacity and structural barriers faced by MSMEs in the ASEAN region. The integration of the two research approaches confirms that blockchain has the potential to be a catalyst for sustainable innovation, but its successful implementation is highly dependent on the readiness for digitalization and the improvement of the managerial capacity of MSMEs.